Appendix a Mathematical Description of Asm Model

Technology improvements are appraised by setting up different forage, animal breed/feed/management systems, cost of production, and associated technology adoption versions of the model to provide simulations with and without the smallholder dairy intensification technologies in Kenya agriculture. As a reminder, technologies currently in practice and considered in this assessment included traditional and improved dairy production systems. Simulation results for each technology and adoption scenario are compared to evaluate the economic impact of the technology advance on subnational regional, national, and foreign consumers and producers. Current and full adoption rates for the dairy production systems are included in simulations of the technology alternatives in order to estimate past and potential economic impacts.